Pulotu
Database of Austronesian Religions
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-Austronesian population | Present: Clear evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement | Blust 1996 |
| Christian influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief, but culture is known to have had (or is likely to have had) contact with Christian societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Baldick 2013: 5, 25-36 |
| Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Maps 2.21, 2.23 |
| (Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787) | Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. (e.g. yearly or most years) | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 138 |
| Islamic influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.23 |
| Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km) | 0 | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 138 |
| Distance to nearest continent (km) | 236.5 | Calculator 2014; Blundell (eds.) 2000: 44, 182 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Longitude of culture’s location (°) | 120.7 | 2014; Lebar (eds.) 1975: 138 |
| Latitude of culture’s location (°) | 23.4 | 2014; Lebar (eds.) 1975: 138 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Number of islands inhabited by culture | One | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 138 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown) | Continental island (an island situated on a continental shelf, e.g. Taiwan) | Copper 2021 |
| Maximum elevation (meters) | 3952 | Ding et al. 2005: 300 |
| Island Size (km²) | 32260 | Ding et al. 2005: 300 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Estimate of culture population size at relevant time focus | 1800 | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 138; Alvarez 1927 |
| Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2) | Low (Matrilateral descent plays little or no role in determining social status and / or group membership.) | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 140 |
| Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2) | High (Patrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, and is more important than any other form of descent.) | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 140 |
| Polygamy (SCCS 861) | Monogamy prescribed | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 140 |
| Marital residence (SCCS 69) | Patrilocal or virilocal - with husband's kin | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 140 |
| Estimated population of largest political community | 100-999 | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 138, 141 |
| Political Authority | Supralocal (encompasses multiple local groups) | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 141 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| (No) conflict (social or political) within the local community (SCCS v 767) | Low (Conflict seldom occurs, and is almost never violent.) | |
| (No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773) | Frequent, occurring at least yearly | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 141 |
| (No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774) | Common, at least every five years | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 138, 141 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Metalworking | Absent | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 139 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Animal husbandry as a source of food | Medium | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 139 |
| Land-based hunting performed by individuals | Minor | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 139 |
| Land-based gathering | Medium | |
| Land-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Medium | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 139 |
| Agriculture / Horticulture | Principal (more important than any other source of food) | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 139 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Water-based gathering | Minor | |
| Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Minor | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 139 |
| Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals | Medium | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 139 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Trade / wage labour as a source of food | Absent |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Adoption of a world religion | Present and predominant (At one time or another during the post-contact period, at least 75% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion.) | Hipwell 2007: 886 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Replacement-level immigration | Absent (Replacement-level immigration did not occur – an immigrant culture was never present in the area, or was present but had a population size less than 10% of that of the indigenous culture.) | Chu 2000: 1026 |
| Language shift | High (At one time or another during the post-contact period, a foreign language became the sole or primary means of communication for most of the indigenous population.) | Chen 2000: 255-256 |
| Foreign education systems | High (At one time or another during the post-contact period over 75% of children received some at least a basic non-indigenous education.) | Law 2002: 66; Chen 2000: 254 |
| Foreign government systems | Present, and of high importance (At one time or another during the post-contact period the culture was subject to a foreign government system that controlled most important decisions.) | Hipwell 2007: 886; Chen 2000: 254-255 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in means of subsistence | High (No indigenous means of subsistence has remained major or principal.) | Hipwell 2007: 883, 887 |
| Exportation of goods to other cultures | Present and substantial (At one time or another during the post-contact period, exports were a primary focus of economic activity for over 10% of the population.) | Hipwell 2007: 887, 886, 889 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Vehicles and roads | Present and widely used (At one time or another during the post-contact period, motor vehicles were used by a substantial proportion of the population.) | Hipwell 2007: 886, 890, 893; Chen 2000: 253, 255 |
| Air travel | Absent (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access to an airport or airstrip.) | Wang et al. 2004: 353; Chen 2000: 253, 255 |
| Sea port | Absent (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access to a sea port.) | Chen 2000: 253, 255 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Loss of autonomy during postcontact period | High (On at least one occasion during the post-contact period, the culture came under the political dominance of a foreign power, and this event resulted in considerable loss of autonomy.) | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 128-129, 141; Chen 2000: 254-255 |
| Nature of loss of autonomy – voluntary vs. forced | Largely involuntary (autonomy was lost largely as a result of external force) | Rubinstein 2007: 180; Lebar (eds.) 1975: 128-129, 141 |