Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Pre-Austronesian population | Possible: Disputed / ambiguous evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement | Blench 2007 |
Christian influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief, but culture is known to have had (or is likely to have had) contact with Christian societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Larson 2000: 49-50 |
Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, but culture is likely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Adelaar 1995 |
(Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787) | Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. (e.g. yearly or most years) | Ellis 1838: 121 |
Islamic influence on supernatural belief | Evidence of influence (Evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief.) | Ellis 1838: 445; Ellis 1838: 2 |
Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km) | 0 | Ellis 1838: 114-115, 118 |
Distance to nearest continent (km) | 619.3 | Calculator 2014; Kottak 1971: 133 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Longitude of culture’s location (°) | 47.5 | 2014; Larson 2000 |
Latitude of culture’s location (°) | -18.9 | 2014; Larson 2000: 23 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Number of islands inhabited by culture | One | Larson 2000: 23 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown) | Continental island (an island situated on a continental shelf, e.g. Taiwan) | Goodman 2009: 577 |
Maximum elevation (meters) | 2876 | Raxworthy et al. 2008: 1704 |
Island Size (km²) | 581500 | Campbell 2005: 19; Goodman 2009: 577 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Estimate of culture population size at relevant time focus | 750000 | Ellis 1838: 114; Larson 2000: xvii, 81 |
Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2) | Medium (Matrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, but is not the most important form of descent.) | Bloch 1986: 34-35 |
Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2) | Medium (Patrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, but is not the most important form of descent.) | Bloch 1986: 34-35 |
Polygamy (SCCS 861) | Limited polygyny (< 20% of married males) | Sibree 1870: 195-196; Ellis 1838: 167-168 |
Marital residence (SCCS 69) | Patrilocal or virilocal - with husband's kin | Kottak 1971: 134 |
Kinship system (if applicable) | Hawaiian | Kottak 1971: 134 |
Estimated population of largest political community | 100,000 or more | Campbell 1991; Larson 2000: xvii, 23, 81 |
Political Authority | Supralocal (encompasses multiple local groups) | Ellis 1838: 341-346 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
(No) conflict (social or political) within the local community (SCCS v 767) | High (Conflict is frequent and often violent, but is not a pervasive aspect of daily life.) | Bloch 1986: 19; Sibree 1870 |
(No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773) | Occasional, at least every generation | Larson 2000: 23-24, 93, 121, 150-151 |
(No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774) | Common, at least every five years | Larson 2000: 23-24, 74, 93, 100, 217-222 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Metalworking | Present | Ellis 1838: 305-314 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Animal husbandry as a source of food | Major | Ellis 1838: 45-46, 200-213, 264 |
Land-based hunting performed by individuals | Minor | Ellis 1838: 200-213 |
Land-based gathering | Medium | Ellis 1838: 200-213 |
Land-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Medium | Ellis 1838: 45-46, 200-213, 264 |
Agriculture / Horticulture | Principal (more important than any other source of food) | Ellis 1838: 203-204 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Water-based gathering | Minor | Ellis 1838: 200-213 |
Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Minor | Ellis 1838: 200-213, 264, 269 |
Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals | Medium | Ellis 1838: 200-213, 264, 269 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Trade / wage labour as a source of food | Medium | Ellis 1838: 51, 57-58, 200-213, 294 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Was a foreign religion adopted through a top-down (those high in the social hierarchy converted first, followed by the general population) or a bottom-up (the general population converted first, followed by those high in the social hierarchy) process? | Mixed / Neither (e.g. Both high-status individuals and the general population converted at the same time, or the religion was adopted through a mixture of top-down and bottom-up processes.) | Larson 1997: 971-995; Gow 1981: 229 |
Use of force in conversion | Low (most communities adopted the new religion either voluntarily or due to pressure from other communities of the same culture) | Brown 1995: 241-268, 274-275 |
Adoption of a world religion | Present and predominant (At one time or another during the post-contact period, at least 75% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion.) | Bloch 1986: 39 |
Resident missionary involvement in conversion process | Present, and from non-Austronesian societies (Resident foreign missionaries, at least one of whom was from a non-Austronesian society, played an important role in the conversion process.) | Larson 1997: 971, 993; Campbell 1992: 417 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Syncretic religious movements | Present, but did not survive to the present-day | Bloch 1986: 20, 22-23 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Replacement-level immigration | Low (Replacement-level immigration occurred. The immigrant culture had a population size more than 10% of that of the indigenous culture at one time or another, but this figure never exceeded 50%.) | Stobenau 2009: 2047 |
Language shift | Medium (The indigenous language remained an important means of communication for the duration of the post-contact period, but at one time or another the indigenous population used a non-indigenous language to roughly the same extent.) | Bouwer 2005: 101, 102 |
Foreign education systems | High (At one time or another during the post-contact period over 75% of children received some at least a basic non-indigenous education.) | Bloch 1986: 31-32; Agency 2014 |
Foreign government systems | Present, and of high importance (At one time or another during the post-contact period the culture was subject to a foreign government system that controlled most important decisions.) | Bloch 1986: 27-30; Ploch 2012: 1-3; Agency 2014 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Changes in means of subsistence | Medium (Principal and major means of subsistence have changed from their indigenous states (e.g. through gain or loss of major and / or principal means of subsistence), but at least one of the major or principal means of subsistance has persisted.) | Ploch 2012: 6 |
Exportation of goods to other cultures | Present and substantial (At one time or another during the post-contact period, exports were a primary focus of economic activity for over 10% of the population.) | Agency 2014 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Vehicles and roads | Present and widely used (At one time or another during the post-contact period, motor vehicles were used by a substantial proportion of the population.) | Stobenau 2009: 2047; Barrett 1994: 452; Agency 2014 |
Air travel | Present and long-distance (At one time or another, most members of the culture had access to international air travel.) | Peypoch et al. 2011: 1231 |
Sea port | Present (At one time or another during the post-contact period most members of the culture had access to a sea port.) | Agency 2009: 146 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Loss of autonomy during postcontact period | High (On at least one occasion during the post-contact period, the culture came under the political dominance of a foreign power, and this event resulted in considerable loss of autonomy.) | Bloch 1986: 27-28 |
Nature of loss of autonomy – voluntary vs. forced | Largely involuntary (autonomy was lost largely as a result of external force) | Campbell 2005: 337-339; Bloch 1986: 27-30; Brown 1995: 217-240 |