Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Pre-Austronesian population | Absent: No evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement | Bellwood 1995: 109 |
Christian influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief, but culture is known to have had (or is likely to have had) contact with Christian societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Gill 1894: 323-326 |
Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: 2.21 |
(Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787) | Occasional but not often (e.g. once in a generation) | nd: 323-326; Allen 1996: 17-18 |
Islamic influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: 2.23 |
Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km) | 198.2 | Calculator 2014; Buck 1934: 4 |
Distance to nearest continent (km) | 4891 | Calculator 2014; Buck 1934 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Longitude of culture’s location (°) | -157.9 | 2014; Buck 1934: 4 |
Latitude of culture’s location (°) | -21.9 | 2014; Buck 1934: 4 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Number of islands inhabited by culture | One | Buck 1934: 4; Buck 1993: 15 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown) | Atoll (an oceanic low island of coral origin, e.g. Ulithi) | 2017 |
Maximum elevation (meters) | 169 | 2017 |
Island Size (km²) | 52 | 2017 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Estimate of culture population size at relevant time focus | 2500 | Buck 1934: 6 |
Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2) | Medium (Matrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, but is not the most important form of descent.) | Buck 1934: 97 |
Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2) | High (Patrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, and is more important than any other form of descent.) | Buck 1934: 97 |
Polygamy (SCCS 861) | Limited polygyny (< 20% of married males) | Crocome 1991: 41 |
Marital residence (SCCS 69) | Neolocal - separate from kin | Crocome 1991: 41 |
Kinship system (if applicable) | Hawaiian | Crocome 1991: 41 |
Estimated population of largest political community | 1,000-9,999 | Buck 1934: 6, 112 |
Political Authority | Supralocal (encompasses multiple local groups) | Buck 1934: 112-125 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
(No) conflict (social or political) within the local community (SCCS v 767) | Moderate (Conflict occurs frequently but is seldom violent, or is violent but occurs only occasionally.) | Buck 1934: 84-124, 151-157, 152-153, 155 |
(No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773) | Frequent, occurring at least yearly | Buck 1934: 105, 158, 161 |
(No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774) | Occasional, at least every generation | Buck 1934: 26-78; Gill 1894: 323-326; Allen 1996 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Metalworking | Absent | Buck 1934: 132-135 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Animal husbandry as a source of food | Absent | Buck 1934: 136-143, 137 |
Land-based hunting performed by individuals | Minor | Buck 1934: 136-143, 145 |
Land-based gathering | Medium | Buck 1934: 136-143, 136 |
Land-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Absent | Buck 1934: 136-143, 137 |
Agriculture / Horticulture | Principal (more important than any other source of food) | Buck 1934: 136 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Water-based gathering | Absent | Buck 1934: 137-143, 144-147 |
Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Major | Buck 1934: 137, 144-147 |
Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals | Major | Buck 1934: 137, 144-147 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Trade / wage labour as a source of food | Minor | Buck 1934: 130-147, 130 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Was a foreign religion adopted through a top-down (those high in the social hierarchy converted first, followed by the general population) or a bottom-up (the general population converted first, followed by those high in the social hierarchy) process? | Primarily a top-down process. | Reilly 2009: 89-91 |
Use of force in conversion | Low (most communities adopted the new religion either voluntarily or due to pressure from other communities of the same culture) | Reilly 2009: 89-126, 89-91, 268-286, 274 |
Adoption of a world religion | Present and predominant (At one time or another during the post-contact period, at least 75% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion.) | Reilly 2009: 2 |
Resident missionary involvement in conversion process | Present, and from non-Austronesian societies (Resident foreign missionaries, at least one of whom was from a non-Austronesian society, played an important role in the conversion process.) | Reilly 2009: 278-279; Reilly 2007: 35-36 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Syncretic religious movements | Absent | Reilly 2009: 89-91, 268-286 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Replacement-level immigration | Absent (Replacement-level immigration did not occur – an immigrant culture was never present in the area, or was present but had a population size less than 10% of that of the indigenous culture.) | Reilly 2009: 1-3 |
Language shift | Low (The indigenous language remained the sole or primary means of communication for most of the indigenous population for the duration of the post-contact period.) | Reilly 2009: 3 |
Foreign education systems | High (At one time or another during the post-contact period over 75% of children received some at least a basic non-indigenous education.) | Foster et al. 2012 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Changes in means of subsistence | Low (Principal and major means of subsistence have not changed from their indigenous states.) | Reilly 2009: 2 |
Exportation of goods to other cultures | Present but minor (At one time or another exports were part of the local economy, but were never a primary focus of economic activity for more than 10% of the population .) | Reilly 2009: 2; 2017; Buck 1934: 3 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Vehicles and roads | Present but rarely used (At no time during the post-contact period were motor vehicles used by a substantial portion of the population, but at one time or another most members of population had access to roads suitable for motor vehicles.) | |
Air travel | Present and long-distance (At one time or another, most members of the culture had access to international air travel.) | Reilly 2009: 1-2 |
Sea port | Absent (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access to a sea port.) | 2017 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Loss of autonomy during postcontact period | Medium (The culture maintained some political autonomy throughout the post-contact period, but on at least one occasion during the post-contact period the culture entered into a political relationship with a foreign power that involved some loss of autonomy.) | Reilly 2009: 72 |
Nature of loss of autonomy – voluntary vs. forced | Largely voluntary (Autonomy was ceded either voluntarily or as a result of pressure from other members of the same culture, without the threat of external force being necessary.) | Reilly 2009: 7-72 |