Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Pre-Austronesian population | Present: Clear evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement | Bellwood 1995: 109 |
Christian influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief, but culture is known to have had (or is likely to have had) contact with Christian societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Lutkehaus 1995: 68-69 |
Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.21 |
(Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787) | Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. (e.g. yearly or most years) | Lutkehaus 1991: 168 |
Islamic influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.23 |
Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km) | 0 | Wedgwood 1934: 378-379 |
Distance to nearest continent (km) | 786 | Calculator 2014 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Longitude of culture’s location (°) | 145 | 2014 |
Latitude of culture’s location (°) | -4.1 | 2014 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Number of islands inhabited by culture | Three | Wedgwood 1934: 378-379 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown) | Volcanic high island (an oceanic island of volcanic origin, e.g. Hawaii) | Lutkehaus 1995: 39 |
Maximum elevation (meters) | 1300 | Wedgwood 1934: 377 |
Island Size (km²) | 90 | Lutkehaus 1995: 40 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Estimate of culture population size at relevant time focus | 4000 | Wedgwood 1934: 381-382 |
Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2) | Medium (Matrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, but is not the most important form of descent.) | Lutkehaus 1991: 168 |
Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2) | High (Patrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, and is more important than any other form of descent.) | Lutkehaus 1991: 168 |
Polygamy (SCCS 861) | Limited polygyny (< 20% of married males) | Lutkehaus 1991: 168 |
Marital residence (SCCS 69) | Patrilocal or virilocal - with husband's kin | Lutkehaus 1991: 168 |
Kinship system (if applicable) | Hawaiian | Lutkehaus 1991: 168 |
Estimated population of largest political community | 100-999 | Wedgwood 1934: 381-382, 384-385; Lutkehaus 1990: 194; Lutkehaus 1995: 252-253, 265 |
Political Authority | Local (encompasses the local community and / or multiple sublocal groups) | Lutkehaus 1991: 168 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
(No) conflict (social or political) within the local community (SCCS v 767) | Moderate (Conflict occurs frequently but is seldom violent, or is violent but occurs only occasionally.) | Lutkehaus 1995: 136 |
(No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773) | Rare or never | Lutkehaus 1995: 136 |
(No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774) | Rare or never | Lutkehaus 1995: 136 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Animal husbandry as a source of food | Medium | Wedgwood 1934: 393-394 |
Land-based hunting performed by individuals | Minor | Wedgwood 1934: 394 |
Land-based gathering | Medium | Wedgwood 1934: 393 |
Land-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Medium | Wedgwood 1934: 394 |
Agriculture / Horticulture | Major (one of the most important sources of food) | Wedgwood 1934: 391, 393 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Water-based gathering | Medium | Wedgwood 1934: 393 |
Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Medium | Wedgwood 1934: 393 |
Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals | Medium | Wedgwood 1934: 393 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Trade / wage labour as a source of food | Major | Wedgwood 1934: 393; Lutkehaus 1995: 60 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Was a foreign religion adopted through a top-down (those high in the social hierarchy converted first, followed by the general population) or a bottom-up (the general population converted first, followed by those high in the social hierarchy) process? | Primarily a top-down process. | |
Use of force in conversion | Low (most communities adopted the new religion either voluntarily or due to pressure from other communities of the same culture) | Lutkehaus 1995: 68-72 |
Adoption of a world religion | Present and predominant (At one time or another during the post-contact period, at least 75% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion.) | Lutkehaus 1995: 70-71 |
Resident missionary involvement in conversion process | Present, and from non-Austronesian societies (Resident foreign missionaries, at least one of whom was from a non-Austronesian society, played an important role in the conversion process.) | Lutkehaus 1995: 68-72 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Syncretic religious movements | Present, but did not survive to the present-day | Lutkehaus 1991: 169; Lutkehaus 1995: 352-361, 368-380 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Replacement-level immigration | Low (Replacement-level immigration occurred. The immigrant culture had a population size more than 10% of that of the indigenous culture at one time or another, but this figure never exceeded 50%.) | |
Language shift | Low (The indigenous language remained the sole or primary means of communication for most of the indigenous population for the duration of the post-contact period.) | |
Foreign education systems | Medium (At one time or another during the post-contact period over 25% of indigenous children received at least a basic non-indigenous education, but this figure never exceeded 75%.) | Mercer 2010: 417 |
Foreign government systems | Present, and of high importance (At one time or another during the post-contact period the culture was subject to a foreign government system that controlled most important decisions.) | Lutkehaus 1995: 66-67 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Changes in means of subsistence | Low (Principal and major means of subsistence have not changed from their indigenous states.) | Mercer 2010: 413 |
Exportation of goods to other cultures | Present and substantial (At one time or another during the post-contact period, exports were a primary focus of economic activity for over 10% of the population.) | Lutkehaus 1991: 168; Lutkehaus 1995: 93-94 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Vehicles and roads | Absent (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access either to roads or motor vehicles.) | 2014 |
Air travel | Present, local only (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access to international air travel, but at one time or another most members of the culture had access to domestic air travel.) | |
Sea port | Present (At one time or another during the post-contact period most members of the culture had access to a sea port.) | Agency 2009: 224; Lutkehaus 1995: 94 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Loss of autonomy during postcontact period | High (On at least one occasion during the post-contact period, the culture came under the political dominance of a foreign power, and this event resulted in considerable loss of autonomy.) | Lutkehaus 1995: 66-67 |
Nature of loss of autonomy – voluntary vs. forced | Partly voluntary (e.g. Autonomy was ceded voluntarily but under duress; some communities ceded their autonomy voluntarily but others were forced to do so by an foreign power.) | Lutkehaus 1991: 167; Lutkehaus 1995: 65-72 |