Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Pre-Austronesian population | Present: Clear evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement | Bellwood 1995: 109 |
Christian influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Christian societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195 |
Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief | Evidence of influence (Evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief.) | Cribb 2000: 2.21; Low 1848: 264-265 |
(Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787) | Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. (e.g. yearly or most years) | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195 |
Islamic influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, but culture is known to have had (or is likely to have had) contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195; Low 1848: 239-277; St. John 1862: 152-205 |
Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km) | 0 | Geddes 1961: 3 |
Distance to nearest continent (km) | 612.4 | Calculator 2014; Adelaar 1995: 82 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Longitude of culture’s location (°) | 110.5 | 2014; Geddes 1961: xiii; Adelaar 1995: 82 |
Latitude of culture’s location (°) | 0.2 | 2014; Geddes 1961: xiii; Adelaar 1995: 82 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Number of islands inhabited by culture | One | Geddes 1961: 3 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown) | Continental island (an island situated on a continental shelf, e.g. Taiwan) | Shelf 2016 |
Maximum elevation (meters) | 4101 | Borneo 2019 |
Island Size (km²) | 755000 | Borneo 2019 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Estimate of culture population size at relevant time focus | 100000 | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195; Pringle 1968: 15 |
Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2) | Medium (Matrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, but is not the most important form of descent.) | Lebar (eds.) 1975: 195 |
Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2) | Medium (Patrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, but is not the most important form of descent.) | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195 |
Polygamy (SCCS 861) | Monogamy prescribed | Low 1848: 300; St. John 1862: 142 |
Marital residence (SCCS 69) | Matrilocal or uxorilocal - with wife's kin | St. John 1862: 162 |
Estimated population of largest political community | 100-999 | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195-196; Low 1848: 290-299 |
Political Authority | Local (encompasses the local community and / or multiple sublocal groups) | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195-196; Geddes 1961: 21; Low 1848: 21 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
(No) conflict (social or political) within the local community (SCCS v 767) | Moderate (Conflict occurs frequently but is seldom violent, or is violent but occurs only occasionally.) | Geddes 1954: 48 |
(No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773) | Common, at least every five years | Geddes 1961: 52-53; Low 1848: 212-213, 278 |
(No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774) | Frequent, occurring at least yearly | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195; Geddes 1961: 4, 53; Low 1848 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Metalworking | Present | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195; St. John 1862: 102 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Animal husbandry as a source of food | Minor | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195; Low 1848: 265-267, 310 |
Land-based hunting performed by individuals | Minor | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195; Low 1848: 310 |
Land-based gathering | Medium | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195 |
Land-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Minor | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195 |
Agriculture / Horticulture | Principal (more important than any other source of food) | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Water-based gathering | Absent | Low 1848: 311 |
Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Medium | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195; Low 1848: 237-238, 310 |
Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals | Medium | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195; Low 1848: 310 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Trade / wage labour as a source of food | Medium | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195; Low 1848: 195, 310-311; St. John 1862: 202 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Use of force in conversion | Low (most communities adopted the new religion either voluntarily or due to pressure from other communities of the same culture) | Chua 2009: 334-336 |
Adoption of a world religion | Present and predominant (At one time or another during the post-contact period, at least 75% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion.) | Chua 2009: 335 |
Resident missionary involvement in conversion process | Present, and from non-Austronesian societies (Resident foreign missionaries, at least one of whom was from a non-Austronesian society, played an important role in the conversion process.) | Chua 2012: 515; St. John 1862 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Syncretic religious movements | Absent | Chua 2009: 334-336 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Foreign education systems | High (At one time or another during the post-contact period over 75% of children received some at least a basic non-indigenous education.) | Chua 2009: 334-335 |
Foreign government systems | Present, and of high importance (At one time or another during the post-contact period the culture was subject to a foreign government system that controlled most important decisions.) | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195; Chua 2009: 334-335 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Changes in means of subsistence | High (No indigenous means of subsistence has remained major or principal.) | Chua 2009: 334-335 |
Exportation of goods to other cultures | Present and substantial (At one time or another during the post-contact period, exports were a primary focus of economic activity for over 10% of the population.) | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195; Chua 2009: 334 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Vehicles and roads | Present and widely used (At one time or another during the post-contact period, motor vehicles were used by a substantial proportion of the population.) | Chua 2009: 334 |
Air travel | Present, local only (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access to international air travel, but at one time or another most members of the culture had access to domestic air travel.) | 2013 |
Sea port | Present (At one time or another during the post-contact period most members of the culture had access to a sea port.) | Agency 2009: 162 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Loss of autonomy during postcontact period | High (On at least one occasion during the post-contact period, the culture came under the political dominance of a foreign power, and this event resulted in considerable loss of autonomy.) | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195 |
Nature of loss of autonomy – voluntary vs. forced | Largely involuntary (autonomy was lost largely as a result of external force) | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 195 |