Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Pre-Austronesian population | Absent: No evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement | Bellwood 1995: 109 |
Christian influence on supernatural belief | Evidence of influence (Evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief.) | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 201 |
Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.21; Burrows and Spiro 1953: 200-206 |
(Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787) | Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. (e.g. yearly or most years) | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 200-206 |
Islamic influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.23; Burrows and Spiro 1953: 200-206 |
Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km) | 60 | Calculator 2014; Burrows and Spiro 1953: 1 |
Distance to nearest continent (km) | 2005 | Calculator 2014 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Longitude of culture’s location (°) | 144.5 | 2014; Burrows and Spiro 1953: 26 |
Latitude of culture’s location (°) | 7.2 | 2014; Burrows and Spiro 1953: 26 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Number of islands inhabited by culture | One | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 26 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown) | Atoll (an oceanic low island of coral origin, e.g. Ulithi) | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 26 |
Maximum elevation (meters) | 6 | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 26 |
Island Size (km²) | 1.5 | Burrows 1963: 26 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Estimate of culture population size at relevant time focus | 250 | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 4-5 |
Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2) | High (Matrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, and is more important than any other form of descent.) | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 125, 137 |
Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2) | Low (Patrilateral descent plays little or no role in determining social status and / or group membership.) | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 125, 137 |
Polygamy (SCCS 861) | Monogamy prescribed | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 302 |
Marital residence (SCCS 69) | Matrilocal or uxorilocal - with wife's kin | Alkire 1991: 383; Burrows and Spiro 1953: 302 |
Estimated population of largest political community | 100-999 | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 4-5, 121 |
Political Authority | Supralocal (encompasses multiple local groups) | Burrows and Spiro 1953 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
(No) conflict (social or political) within the local community (SCCS v 767) | Moderate (Conflict occurs frequently but is seldom violent, or is violent but occurs only occasionally.) | Betzig and Wichimai 1991; Burrows and Spiro 1953: 193 |
(No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773) | Rare or never | Betzig and Wichimai 1991; Burrows and Spiro 1953: 7-18, 193 |
(No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774) | Rare or never | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 10-18, 200-206 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Metalworking | Absent | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 41-120 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Animal husbandry as a source of food | Minor | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 31-32 |
Land-based hunting performed by individuals | Absent | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 31-35 |
Land-based gathering | Minor | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 34, 41-103 |
Land-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Absent | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 31-35 |
Agriculture / Horticulture | Principal (more important than any other source of food) | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 42-54 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Water-based gathering | Medium | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 35, 43-44 |
Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Medium | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 35, 43-44, 104-110 |
Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals | Medium | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 35, 43-44, 104-110 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Trade / wage labour as a source of food | Minor | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 170-171; Oliver 1974: 969 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Was a foreign religion adopted through a top-down (those high in the social hierarchy converted first, followed by the general population) or a bottom-up (the general population converted first, followed by those high in the social hierarchy) process? | Primarily a bottom-up process. | Betzig and Wichimai 1991: 251 |
Use of force in conversion | Low (most communities adopted the new religion either voluntarily or due to pressure from other communities of the same culture) | Betzig and Wichimai 1991: 251 |
Adoption of a world religion | Present and predominant (At one time or another during the post-contact period, at least 75% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion.) | Betzig and Wichimai 1991: 251 |
Resident missionary involvement in conversion process | Absent (Resident foreign missionaries played no role, or only a minimal role, in the conversion process.) | Betzig et al. 1989: 163; Sosis 2005: 14-15 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Syncretic religious movements | Absent | Betzig and Wichimai 1991: 251; Sosis 2005: 14; Le 2000: 202 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Replacement-level immigration | Absent (Replacement-level immigration did not occur – an immigrant culture was never present in the area, or was present but had a population size less than 10% of that of the indigenous culture.) | Sosis 2005 |
Language shift | Low (The indigenous language remained the sole or primary means of communication for most of the indigenous population for the duration of the post-contact period.) | Sosis 2005: 5 |
Foreign education systems | High (At one time or another during the post-contact period over 75% of children received some at least a basic non-indigenous education.) | Sosis 2005: 13 |
Foreign government systems | Present, and of high importance (At one time or another during the post-contact period the culture was subject to a foreign government system that controlled most important decisions.) | Spiro 1980: 343; Burrows and Spiro 1953: 199 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Changes in means of subsistence | Medium (Principal and major means of subsistence have changed from their indigenous states (e.g. through gain or loss of major and / or principal means of subsistence), but at least one of the major or principal means of subsistance has persisted.) | Sosis 2005: 19 |
Exportation of goods to other cultures | Present and substantial (At one time or another during the post-contact period, exports were a primary focus of economic activity for over 10% of the population.) | Sosis 2005: 13; Burrows and Spiro 1953: 173 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Vehicles and roads | Absent (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access either to roads or motor vehicles.) | Sosis 2005: 13 |
Air travel | Absent (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access to an airport or airstrip.) | Sosis 2005: 13-14 |
Sea port | Absent (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access to a sea port.) | Sosis 2005: 13-14 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Loss of autonomy during postcontact period | High (On at least one occasion during the post-contact period, the culture came under the political dominance of a foreign power, and this event resulted in considerable loss of autonomy.) | Burrows and Spiro 1953: 9-10, 200-206 |
Nature of loss of autonomy – voluntary vs. forced | Largely voluntary (Autonomy was ceded either voluntarily or as a result of pressure from other members of the same culture, without the threat of external force being necessary.) |