Pulotu
Database of Austronesian Religions
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-Austronesian population | Present: Clear evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement | Bellwood 1995: 109 |
| Christian influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief, but culture is known to have had (or is likely to have had) contact with Christian societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Scott 2007: 261-300 |
| Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.21 |
| (Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787) | Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. (e.g. yearly or most years) | Fox 1924: 305 |
| Islamic influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.23 |
| Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km) | 0 | Fox 1924: 4 |
| Distance to nearest continent (km) | 1734 | Calculator 2014; Fox 1924: 4 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Longitude of culture’s location (°) | 161.3 | Scott 2007: 41 |
| Latitude of culture’s location (°) | -10.3 | Scott 2007: 41 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Number of islands inhabited by culture | One | Scott 2007: 37 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown) | Volcanic high island (an oceanic island of volcanic origin, e.g. Hawaii) | Petterson et al. 2009 |
| Maximum elevation (meters) | 1250 | Clark 2008: 64 |
| Island Size (km²) | 3191 | Clark 2008: 64 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2) | High (Matrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, and is more important than any other form of descent.) | Scott 2007: 6, 22 |
| Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2) | Low (Patrilateral descent plays little or no role in determining social status and / or group membership.) | Scott 2007: 6, 22 |
| Polygamy (SCCS 861) | Limited polygyny (< 20% of married males) | Hays 1991: 289 |
| Marital residence (SCCS 69) | Patrilocal or virilocal - with husband's kin | Hays 1991: 289 |
| Estimated population of largest political community | 1,000-9,999 | Fox 1924: 8, 305 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| (No) conflict (social or political) within the local community (SCCS v 767) | Moderate (Conflict occurs frequently but is seldom violent, or is violent but occurs only occasionally.) | Scott 2007: 78 |
| (No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773) | Frequent, occurring at least yearly | Fox 1924: 305 |
| (No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774) | Frequent, occurring at least yearly | Fox 1924: 305 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Metalworking | Absent | Bellwood et al. 1975 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Animal husbandry as a source of food | Medium | Hays 1991: 289 |
| Land-based hunting performed by individuals | Medium | Hays 1991: 289 |
| Land-based gathering | Major | Hays 1991: 289; Scott 2007: 61 |
| Land-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Medium | Hays 1991: 289 |
| Agriculture / Horticulture | Principal (more important than any other source of food) | Hays 1991: 289; Scott 2007: 44-46 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Water-based gathering | Medium | Hays 1991: 289 |
| Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Medium | Hays 1991: 289 |
| Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals | Medium | Hays 1991: 289 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Trade / wage labour as a source of food | Minor | Hays 1991: 289 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Use of force in conversion | Low (most communities adopted the new religion either voluntarily or due to pressure from other communities of the same culture) | Scott 2007: 95-100 |
| Adoption of a world religion | Present and predominant (At one time or another during the post-contact period, at least 75% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion.) | Scott 2007: xxix, 17 |
| Resident missionary involvement in conversion process | Present, and from non-Austronesian societies (Resident foreign missionaries, at least one of whom was from a non-Austronesian society, played an important role in the conversion process.) | Scott 2007: xxix |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Syncretic religious movements | Present, but did not survive to the present-day | Scott 2007: 84, 105-129, 115-116 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Replacement-level immigration | Absent (Replacement-level immigration did not occur – an immigrant culture was never present in the area, or was present but had a population size less than 10% of that of the indigenous culture.) | Scott 2007: xxx, 37-39 |
| Language shift | Medium (The indigenous language remained an important means of communication for the duration of the post-contact period, but at one time or another the indigenous population used a non-indigenous language to roughly the same extent.) | Scott 2007: 37 |
| Foreign education systems | High (At one time or another during the post-contact period over 75% of children received some at least a basic non-indigenous education.) | Scott 2007: 56 |
| Foreign government systems | Present, and of high importance (At one time or another during the post-contact period the culture was subject to a foreign government system that controlled most important decisions.) | Scott 2007: xxix, 86-87 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in means of subsistence | Medium (Principal and major means of subsistence have changed from their indigenous states (e.g. through gain or loss of major and / or principal means of subsistence), but at least one of the major or principal means of subsistance has persisted.) | Scott 2007: 57 |
| Exportation of goods to other cultures | Present but minor (At one time or another exports were part of the local economy, but were never a primary focus of economic activity for more than 10% of the population .) | Scott 2007: 57, 62 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Vehicles and roads | Present but rarely used (At no time during the post-contact period were motor vehicles used by a substantial portion of the population, but at one time or another most members of population had access to roads suitable for motor vehicles.) | Scott 2007: 39 |
| Sea port | Absent (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access to a sea port.) | Agency 2009: 180; Scott 2007: 62 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Loss of autonomy during postcontact period | High (On at least one occasion during the post-contact period, the culture came under the political dominance of a foreign power, and this event resulted in considerable loss of autonomy.) | Scott 2007: 82-103, 86-87 |
| Nature of loss of autonomy – voluntary vs. forced | Partly voluntary (e.g. Autonomy was ceded voluntarily but under duress; some communities ceded their autonomy voluntarily but others were forced to do so by an foreign power.) | Scott 2007: 82-103 |