Savu

• Traditional Culture (1860)
  • Isolation
    Isolation

    Question	Response	Source
    Pre-Austronesian population	Present: Clear evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement	Bellwood 1995: 109
    Christian influence on supernatural belief	No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief, but culture is known to have had (or is likely to have had) contact with Christian societies at or prior to the time focus in question.)	Fox 1972: 78; Fox 1977: 166
    Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief	No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, but culture is likely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to the time focus in question.)	Cribb 2000: Map 2.21
    (Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787)	Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. (e.g. yearly or most years)	Fox 1977: 160-165
    Islamic influence on supernatural belief	No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, but culture is known to have had (or is likely to have had) contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.)	Fox 1977: 166
    Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km)	77	Calculator 2014
    Distance to nearest continent (km)	568	Calculator 2014

  • Physical Environment
    Location

    Question	Response	Source
    Longitude of culture’s location (°)	121.9	2014; Fox 1977: 5
    Latitude of culture’s location (°)	-10.5	2014; Fox 1977: 5

    Geographical Range of Culture

    Question	Response	Source
    Number of islands inhabited by culture	Two	Fox 1979: 145

    Features of Island with Largest Culture Population

    Question	Response	Source
    Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown)	Tectonic (an oceanic island formed by tectonic uplift, e.g. Macquarie Island)
    Maximum elevation (meters)	250	Fox 1972: 78
    Island Size (km²)	697	Fox 1972: 77

  • Social Environment
    Social Environment

    Question	Response	Source
    Estimate of culture population size at relevant time focus	30000	Fox 1977: 168
    Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2)	Medium (Matrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, but is not the most important form of descent.)	Fox 1972: 78-79
    Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2)	Medium (Patrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, but is not the most important form of descent.)	Fox 1972: 78-79
    Polygamy (SCCS 861)	Monogamy prescribed	Lebar (eds.) 1972: 79
    Marital residence (SCCS 69)	Patrilocal or virilocal - with husband's kin	Lebar (eds.) 1972: 79
    Estimated population of largest political community	1,000-9,999	Fox 1972: 77, 79; Fox 1977: 168
    Political Authority	Supralocal (encompasses multiple local groups)	Fox 1972: 79

    Conflict

    Question	Response	Source
    (No) conflict (social or political) within the local community (SCCS v 767)	Low (Conflict seldom occurs, and is almost never violent.)
    (No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773)	Common, at least every five years	Fox 1972: 79
    (No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774)	Rare or never	Fox 1972: 78-79; Fox 1979: 160-165

  • Subsistence and Economy
    Land-based means of subsistence

    Question	Response	Source
    Animal husbandry as a source of food	Major	Fox 1972: 78; Fox 1977: 35-38, 41-46
    Land-based hunting performed by individuals	Minor	Fox 1972: 77
    Land-based gathering	Principal	Fox 1972: 78; Fox 1977: 23-24
    Land-based hunting performed by one or more groups	Minor	Fox 1972: 77
    Agriculture / Horticulture	Major (one of the most important sources of food)	Fox 1972: 78; Fox 1977: 23-24, 29-30

    Water-based means of subsistence

    Question	Response	Source
    Water-based gathering	Medium	Fox 1979: 152; Fox 1977: 28
    Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups	Medium	Fox 1977: 78
    Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals	Medium	Fox 1972: 78

    Commercial Activity

    Question	Response	Source
    Trade / wage labour as a source of food	Absent	Fox 1972: 78; Fox 1977: 17-57

• Post Contact History (1860-2014)
  • Religious History
    Conversion

    Question	Response	Source
    Use of force in conversion	Low (most communities adopted the new religion either voluntarily or due to pressure from other communities of the same culture)	Fox 1977: 165-176
    Adoption of a world religion	Present and major (At one time or another during the post-contact period more than 25% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion, but this figure never exceeded 75%.)	2013
    Resident missionary involvement in conversion process	Present, and from non-Austronesian societies (Resident foreign missionaries, at least one of whom was from a non-Austronesian society, played an important role in the conversion process.)	Fox 1977: 166, 172-174

    Syncretic Movements

    Question	Response	Source
    Syncretic religious movements	Absent	Fox 1972: 79; Fox 1977: 165-176

  • Secular History
    Demographic and Social Changes

    Question	Response	Source
    Foreign education systems	Medium (At one time or another during the post-contact period over 25% of indigenous children received at least a basic non-indigenous education, but this figure never exceeded 75%.)
    Foreign government systems	Present, and of high importance (At one time or another during the post-contact period the culture was subject to a foreign government system that controlled most important decisions.)	Fox 1972: 79

    Economic Changes

    Question	Response	Source
    Changes in means of subsistence	Medium (Principal and major means of subsistence have changed from their indigenous states (e.g. through gain or loss of major and / or principal means of subsistence), but at least one of the major or principal means of subsistance has persisted.)	2013
    Exportation of goods to other cultures	Present and substantial (At one time or another during the post-contact period, exports were a primary focus of economic activity for over 10% of the population.)	2013

    Modern Infrastructure

    Question	Response	Source
    Vehicles and roads	Present and widely used (At one time or another during the post-contact period, motor vehicles were used by a substantial proportion of the population.)	2013
    Air travel	Absent (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access to an airport or airstrip.)
    Sea port	Absent (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access to a sea port.)

    Loss of Autonomy

    Question	Response	Source
    Loss of autonomy during postcontact period	Medium (The culture maintained some political autonomy throughout the post-contact period, but on at least one occasion during the post-contact period the culture entered into a political relationship with a foreign power that involved some loss of autonomy.)
    Nature of loss of autonomy – voluntary vs. forced	Largely voluntary (Autonomy was ceded either voluntarily or as a result of pressure from other members of the same culture, without the threat of external force being necessary.)