Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Pre-Austronesian population | Present: Clear evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement | Friedlaender et al. 2007: 1; Bellwood 1995: 109 |
Christian influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief, but culture is known to have had (or is likely to have had) contact with Christian societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Valentine 1965: 184-188 |
Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.21 |
(Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787) | Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. (e.g. yearly or most years) | Jebens 2010: 24-25 |
Islamic influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.23 |
Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km) | 0 | Chowning 1965: 413 |
Distance to nearest continent (km) | 1024 | Calculator 2014; Chowning 1966: 3 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Longitude of culture’s location (°) | 150.4 | 2014; Chowning 1966 |
Latitude of culture’s location (°) | -5.4 | 2014; Chowning 1966 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Number of islands inhabited by culture | One | Chowning 1966: 3 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown) | Volcanic high island (an oceanic island of volcanic origin, e.g. Hawaii) | Woodhead et al. 1998: 1643 |
Maximum elevation (meters) | 2440 | Coates 2001: 8 |
Island Size (km²) | 36600 | Coates 2001: 8 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2) | High (Matrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, and is more important than any other form of descent.) | Chowning 1991: 141 |
Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2) | Medium (Patrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, but is not the most important form of descent.) | Chowning 1991: 141 |
Polygamy (SCCS 861) | Monogamy preferred, but exceptional cases of polygyny | Chowning 1991: 141 |
Marital residence (SCCS 69) | Patrilocal or virilocal - with husband's kin | Chowning 1991: 141 |
Kinship system (if applicable) | Iroquois | Chowning 1991: 141 |
Estimated population of largest political community | 100-999 | Chowning 1965 |
Political Authority | Local (encompasses the local community and / or multiple sublocal groups) | Chowning 1965 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
(No) conflict (social or political) within the local community (SCCS v 767) | High (Conflict is frequent and often violent, but is not a pervasive aspect of daily life.) | Chowning 1965 |
(No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773) | Frequent, occurring at least yearly | Chowning 1965 |
(No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774) | Rare or never | Chowning 1965 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Animal husbandry as a source of food | Medium | Chowning 1965: 415, 441 |
Land-based hunting performed by individuals | Medium | Goodenough 1955: 24; Chowning 1965: 415 |
Land-based gathering | Major | Chowning 1965: 415 |
Land-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Medium | Goodenough 1955: 24; Chowning 1965: 415, 441, 442-443 |
Agriculture / Horticulture | Principal (more important than any other source of food) | Chowning 1965: 415 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Water-based gathering | Major | Chowning 1965: 415 |
Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Major | Chowning 1965: 415, 441, 442 |
Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals | Major | Chowning 1965: 415, 434 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Trade / wage labour as a source of food | Medium | Goodenough 1955: 24; Chowning 1978: 298 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Use of force in conversion | Low (most communities adopted the new religion either voluntarily or due to pressure from other communities of the same culture) | Chowning 1966: 4-5; Jebens 2010: 5; Valentine 1961: 11 |
Adoption of a world religion | Present and predominant (At one time or another during the post-contact period, at least 75% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion.) | Chowning 1966: 5; Valentine 1961: 11 |
Resident missionary involvement in conversion process | Present, and from non-Austronesian societies (Resident foreign missionaries, at least one of whom was from a non-Austronesian society, played an important role in the conversion process.) | Jebens 2010: 5 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Syncretic religious movements | Present, but did not survive to the present-day | Jebens 2004: 121-127 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Replacement-level immigration | Absent (Replacement-level immigration did not occur – an immigrant culture was never present in the area, or was present but had a population size less than 10% of that of the indigenous culture.) | Chowning 1997 |
Language shift | Medium (The indigenous language remained an important means of communication for the duration of the post-contact period, but at one time or another the indigenous population used a non-indigenous language to roughly the same extent.) | |
Foreign education systems | High (At one time or another during the post-contact period over 75% of children received some at least a basic non-indigenous education.) | Chowning 1966: 5 |
Foreign government systems | Present, and of high importance (At one time or another during the post-contact period the culture was subject to a foreign government system that controlled most important decisions.) | Chowning 1966: 4-5 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Changes in means of subsistence | Medium (Principal and major means of subsistence have changed from their indigenous states (e.g. through gain or loss of major and / or principal means of subsistence), but at least one of the major or principal means of subsistance has persisted.) | Jebens 2010: 3-4 |
Exportation of goods to other cultures | Present and substantial (At one time or another during the post-contact period, exports were a primary focus of economic activity for over 10% of the population.) | Chowning 1997: 92; Jebens 2010: 3-4 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Vehicles and roads | Present and widely used (At one time or another during the post-contact period, motor vehicles were used by a substantial proportion of the population.) | Jebens 2010: 3-4 |
Air travel | Present, local only (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access to international air travel, but at one time or another most members of the culture had access to domestic air travel.) | Kinch 2009: 69 |
Sea port | Present (At one time or another during the post-contact period most members of the culture had access to a sea port.) | Britain 2020 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Loss of autonomy during postcontact period | High (On at least one occasion during the post-contact period, the culture came under the political dominance of a foreign power, and this event resulted in considerable loss of autonomy.) | Chowning 1966: 4-5 |
Nature of loss of autonomy – voluntary vs. forced | Largely voluntary (Autonomy was ceded either voluntarily or as a result of pressure from other members of the same culture, without the threat of external force being necessary.) | Chowning 1966: 4-5; Jenks 1905: 5; Jebens 2010: 129 |