Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Pre-Austronesian population | Present: Clear evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement | Bellwood 1995: 109 |
Christian influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief, but culture is known to have had (or is likely to have had) contact with Christian societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Rousseau 1998: 18 |
Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, but culture is likely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.21; Rousseau 1998 |
(Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787) | Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. (e.g. yearly or most years) | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 169, 170; Hose and McDougall 1912: 151-157 |
Islamic influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, but culture is known to have had (or is likely to have had) contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.23; Hose and McDougall 1993: 13 |
Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km) | 0 | Rousseau 1974: 13 |
Distance to nearest continent (km) | 991 | Calculator 2014; Rousseau 1974: 13 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Longitude of culture’s location (°) | 115.1 | 2014; Rousseau 1974: 13 |
Latitude of culture’s location (°) | 2.1 | 2014; Rousseau 1974: 13 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Number of islands inhabited by culture | One | Kayan 2019 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown) | Continental island (an island situated on a continental shelf, e.g. Taiwan) | Quek 2009: 112 |
Maximum elevation (meters) | 4095 | Quek 2009: 112 |
Island Size (km²) | 740000 | Quek 2009: 111 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Estimate of culture population size at relevant time focus | 10000 | Rousseau 1974: 33-34, 93-94 |
Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2) | Medium (Matrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, but is not the most important form of descent.) | Rousseau 1998: 15, 17 |
Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2) | Medium (Patrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, but is not the most important form of descent.) | Rousseau 1998: 15, 17 |
Polygamy (SCCS 861) | Monogamy preferred, but exceptional cases of polygyny | Hose and McDougall 1912: 73 |
Marital residence (SCCS 69) | Ambilocal - with either wife's or husband's kin | Strouthes 1993: 134 |
Kinship system (if applicable) | Eskimo | Strouthes 1993: 134 |
Estimated population of largest political community | 1,000-9,999 | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 171; Hose and McDougall 1912: 39-40 |
Political Authority | Local (encompasses the local community and / or multiple sublocal groups) | Rousseau 1974: 182, 364-365 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
(No) conflict (social or political) within the local community (SCCS v 767) | Low (Conflict seldom occurs, and is almost never violent.) | Hose and McDougall 1912: 158-159 |
(No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773) | Rare or never | Hose and McDougall 1912: 158-159 |
(No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774) | Occasional, at least every generation | Rousseau 1974: 81-83; Hose and McDougall 1912: 158-159 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Metalworking | Present | Hose and McDougall 1912: 193-194 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Animal husbandry as a source of food | Minor | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 170; Rousseau 1998: 14 |
Land-based hunting performed by individuals | Minor | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 169; Rousseau 1998: 14; Hose and McDougall 1912: 143-144 |
Land-based gathering | Medium | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 169; Hose and McDougall 1912: 149-157 |
Land-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Medium | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 169; Rousseau 1998: 14; Hose and McDougall 1912: 143-144 |
Agriculture / Horticulture | Principal (more important than any other source of food) | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 169; Hose and McDougall 1912: 97 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Water-based gathering | Medium | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 169; Hose and McDougall 1912: 131-142, 138-139 |
Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Major | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 169; Hose and McDougall 1912: 131, 134-142 |
Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals | Major | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 169; Hose and McDougall 1912: 131, 134-142 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Trade / wage labour as a source of food | Absent | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 170, 173; Hose and McDougall 1912: 97-157 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Was a foreign religion adopted through a top-down (those high in the social hierarchy converted first, followed by the general population) or a bottom-up (the general population converted first, followed by those high in the social hierarchy) process? | Mixed / Neither (e.g. Both high-status individuals and the general population converted at the same time, or the religion was adopted through a mixture of top-down and bottom-up processes.) | |
Use of force in conversion | Low (most communities adopted the new religion either voluntarily or due to pressure from other communities of the same culture) | Rousseau 1998: 25-30 |
Adoption of a world religion | Present and predominant (At one time or another during the post-contact period, at least 75% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion.) | Kayan 2019; Rousseau 1998: 25-30 |
Resident missionary involvement in conversion process | Present, and from non-Austronesian societies (Resident foreign missionaries, at least one of whom was from a non-Austronesian society, played an important role in the conversion process.) | Rousseau 1998: 25-30 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Syncretic religious movements | Present, and survived to the present day | Rousseau 1998: 22-25; Winzeler 2008: 51-52 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Replacement-level immigration | Absent (Replacement-level immigration did not occur – an immigrant culture was never present in the area, or was present but had a population size less than 10% of that of the indigenous culture.) | Okushima 2006 |
Foreign government systems | Present, and of high importance (At one time or another during the post-contact period the culture was subject to a foreign government system that controlled most important decisions.) | Okushima 2006: 94 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Changes in means of subsistence | Low (Principal and major means of subsistence have not changed from their indigenous states.) | Kayan 2019 |
Exportation of goods to other cultures | Present but minor (At one time or another exports were part of the local economy, but were never a primary focus of economic activity for more than 10% of the population .) | Eghenter 1999: 12-13; Hose and McDougall 1993: 270-271 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Vehicles and roads | Absent (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access either to roads or motor vehicles.) | Eghenter 1999: 12; Kayan 2019 |
Air travel | Present, local only (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access to international air travel, but at one time or another most members of the culture had access to domestic air travel.) | Eghenter 1999: 12 |
Sea port | Absent (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access to a sea port.) | Eghenter 1999: 12 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Loss of autonomy during postcontact period | High (On at least one occasion during the post-contact period, the culture came under the political dominance of a foreign power, and this event resulted in considerable loss of autonomy.) | Lebar (eds.) 1972: 169; Okushima 2006: 94; Rousseau 1998: 19-20 |
Nature of loss of autonomy – voluntary vs. forced | Largely involuntary (autonomy was lost largely as a result of external force) | Hose and McDougall 1993: 260-261 |