Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Pre-Austronesian population | Absent: No evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement | Bellwood 1995: 109 |
Christian influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief, but culture is known to have had (or is likely to have had) contact with Christian societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Winslow 1991: 7 |
Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.21 |
(Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787) | Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. (e.g. yearly or most years) | Riesenfeld 1950: 543 |
Islamic influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.23 |
Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km) | 0 | Winslow 1991: 7 |
Distance to nearest continent (km) | 1345 | Calculator 2014; Winslow 1991: 7 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Longitude of culture’s location (°) | 165.6 | 2014; Winslow 1991: 7 |
Latitude of culture’s location (°) | -21.3 | 2014; Winslow 1991: 7 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Number of islands inhabited by culture | One | Winslow 1991: 7 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown) | Continental island (an island situated on a continental shelf, e.g. Taiwan) | Murienne et al. 2005: 2 |
Maximum elevation (meters) | 1618 | Clark 2008: 64 |
Island Size (km²) | 16750 | Clark 2008: 64 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Estimate of culture population size at relevant time focus | 1500 | Winslow 1991: 7; Shineberg 1983 |
Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2) | Medium (Matrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, but is not the most important form of descent.) | Clifford 1982: 41, 87-88 |
Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2) | Medium (Patrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, but is not the most important form of descent.) | Clifford 1982: 41, 87-88 |
Polygamy (SCCS 861) | Limited polygyny (< 20% of married males) | Winslow 1991: 8-9 |
Marital residence (SCCS 69) | Patrilocal or virilocal - with husband's kin | Clifford 1982: 41 |
Political Authority | Supralocal (encompasses multiple local groups) | Clifford 1982: 41 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
(No) conflict (social or political) within the local community (SCCS v 767) | Moderate (Conflict occurs frequently but is seldom violent, or is violent but occurs only occasionally.) | Naepels 1998: 192-197 |
(No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773) | Frequent, occurring at least yearly | Clifford 1982: 41 |
(No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774) | Occasional, at least every generation | Clifford 1982: 41 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Metalworking | Absent | Bellwood et al. 1975 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Animal husbandry as a source of food | Absent | Winslow 1991: 7-8 |
Land-based hunting performed by individuals | Medium | Patouillet 1873: 106 |
Land-based gathering | Medium | Patouillet 1873: 101; Winslow 1991: 7-8 |
Land-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Absent | Patouillet 1873: 106 |
Agriculture / Horticulture | Principal (more important than any other source of food) | Patouillet 1873: 101; Winslow 1991: 7-8 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Water-based gathering | Medium | Winslow 1991: 7 |
Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Medium | Winslow 1991: 7 |
Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals | Minor |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Trade / wage labour as a source of food | Major | Winslow 1991: 8 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Was a foreign religion adopted through a top-down (those high in the social hierarchy converted first, followed by the general population) or a bottom-up (the general population converted first, followed by those high in the social hierarchy) process? | Primarily a top-down process. | Dauphiné 1999: 116-119 |
Use of force in conversion | Low (most communities adopted the new religion either voluntarily or due to pressure from other communities of the same culture) | Dauphiné 1999: 111-127 |
Adoption of a world religion | Present and predominant (At one time or another during the post-contact period, at least 75% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion.) | Lenormand 1953: 253-254; Winslow 1991: 9 |
Resident missionary involvement in conversion process | Present, and from non-Austronesian societies (Resident foreign missionaries, at least one of whom was from a non-Austronesian society, played an important role in the conversion process.) | Naepels 1998: 42-43; Winslow 1991: 9 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Syncretic religious movements | Absent | Dauphiné 1999: 111-127 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Replacement-level immigration | Medium (Replacement-level immigration occurred. The immigrant culture had a population size more than 50% of that of the indigenous population at one time or another, but this figure never exceeded 100%.) | Poret 2007: 62; Winslow 1991: 8 |
Language shift | Medium (The indigenous language remained an important means of communication for the duration of the post-contact period, but at one time or another the indigenous population used a non-indigenous language to roughly the same extent.) | Poret 2007: 63-64 |
Foreign education systems | High (At one time or another during the post-contact period over 75% of children received some at least a basic non-indigenous education.) | Agency 2013 |
Foreign government systems | Present, and of high importance (At one time or another during the post-contact period the culture was subject to a foreign government system that controlled most important decisions.) | Agency 2013; Lenormand 1953: 255 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Changes in means of subsistence | High (No indigenous means of subsistence has remained major or principal.) | Winslow 1991: 8 |
Exportation of goods to other cultures | Present and substantial (At one time or another during the post-contact period, exports were a primary focus of economic activity for over 10% of the population.) | Winslow 1991: 8 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Vehicles and roads | Present and widely used (At one time or another during the post-contact period, motor vehicles were used by a substantial proportion of the population.) | |
Air travel | Present and long-distance (At one time or another, most members of the culture had access to international air travel.) | |
Sea port | Present (At one time or another during the post-contact period most members of the culture had access to a sea port.) |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Loss of autonomy during postcontact period | High (On at least one occasion during the post-contact period, the culture came under the political dominance of a foreign power, and this event resulted in considerable loss of autonomy.) | Agency 2013; Lenormand 1953: 255 |
Nature of loss of autonomy – voluntary vs. forced | Partly voluntary (e.g. Autonomy was ceded voluntarily but under duress; some communities ceded their autonomy voluntarily but others were forced to do so by an foreign power.) | Naepels 1998: 39-40 |