Pulotu
Database of Austronesian Religions
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-Austronesian population | Present: Clear evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement | Bellwood 1995: 109 |
| Christian influence on supernatural belief | Evidence of influence (Evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief.) | Warren 1964: 26, 113-115; Eder 1987: 45-51 |
| Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, but culture is likely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.21; Warren 1964: 100 |
| (Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787) | Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. (e.g. yearly or most years) | Warren 1964: 26; Eder 1987: 45-51 |
| Islamic influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, but culture is known to have had (or is likely to have had) contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Eder 1987: 21 |
| Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km) | 0 | Warren 1964: 26 |
| Distance to nearest continent (km) | 1080.8 | Calculator 2014; Warren 1964: ii (map) |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Longitude of culture’s location (°) | 119.1 | 2014; Warren 1964: ii (map) |
| Latitude of culture’s location (°) | 10.1 | 2014; Warren 1964: ii (map) |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Number of islands inhabited by culture | One | Warren 1964: 25 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown) | Continental island (an island situated on a continental shelf, e.g. Taiwan) | Yumul et al. 2009: 732-733 |
| Maximum elevation (meters) | 2085 | 2013: 24 |
| Island Size (km²) | 11785 | 2013 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Estimate of culture population size at relevant time focus | 650 | Eder 1987: 22 |
| Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2) | Low (Matrilateral descent plays little or no role in determining social status and / or group membership.) | Eder 1987: 28-33 |
| Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2) | Low (Patrilateral descent plays little or no role in determining social status and / or group membership.) | Eder 1987: 28-33 |
| Polygamy (SCCS 861) | Monogamy preferred, but exceptional cases of polygyny | Warren 1975: 69 |
| Marital residence (SCCS 69) | Matrilocal or uxorilocal - with wife's kin | Warren 1975: 69 |
| Estimated population of largest political community | 100-999 | Warren 1964: 83-97; Eder 1987: 28-33 |
| Political Authority | Supralocal (encompasses multiple local groups) | Warren 1964: 83-97; Eder 1987: 28-33 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| (No) conflict (social or political) within the local community (SCCS v 767) | Low (Conflict seldom occurs, and is almost never violent.) | Eder 1987: 151 |
| (No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773) | Rare or never | Eder 1987: 151; Warren 1975: 69 |
| (No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774) | Common, at least every five years | Eder 1987: 151-152 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Animal husbandry as a source of food | Minor | Warren 1964: 83 |
| Land-based hunting performed by individuals | Major | Warren 1964: 43-46; Eder 1987: 41, 44 |
| Land-based gathering | Major | Warren 1964: 47; Eder 1987: 38-40, 44 |
| Land-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Major | Warren 1964: 43-46; Eder 1987: 41-43 |
| Agriculture / Horticulture | Minor (forms a relatively insignificant part of diet) | Warren 1964: 3-24, 51; Eder 1987: 45-46 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Water-based gathering | Major | Warren 1964: 46; Eder 1987: 41 |
| Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Major | Eder 1987: 40-41 |
| Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals | Major | Warren 1964: 46; Eder 1987: 40 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Trade / wage labour as a source of food | Medium | Eder 1987: 45-51 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Use of force in conversion | Low (most communities adopted the new religion either voluntarily or due to pressure from other communities of the same culture) | |
| Adoption of a world religion | Present and predominant (At one time or another during the post-contact period, at least 75% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion.) | Boissière 2006: 7 |
| Resident missionary involvement in conversion process | Present, and from non-Austronesian societies (Resident foreign missionaries, at least one of whom was from a non-Austronesian society, played an important role in the conversion process.) |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Replacement-level immigration | High (Replacement-level immigration occurred. At one time or another during the post-contact period the immigrant culture had a population size more than 100% of that of the indigenous population.) | Novellino 2009: 205; Eder 1987: 60 |
| Language shift | Medium (The indigenous language remained an important means of communication for the duration of the post-contact period, but at one time or another the indigenous population used a non-indigenous language to roughly the same extent.) | |
| Foreign education systems | Medium (At one time or another during the post-contact period over 25% of indigenous children received at least a basic non-indigenous education, but this figure never exceeded 75%.) | Boissière 2006: 7-8 |
| Foreign government systems | Present, and of high importance (At one time or another during the post-contact period the culture was subject to a foreign government system that controlled most important decisions.) | Novellino 2009: 205; Eder 1987: 168-169 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in means of subsistence | Medium (Principal and major means of subsistence have changed from their indigenous states (e.g. through gain or loss of major and / or principal means of subsistence), but at least one of the major or principal means of subsistance has persisted.) | Novellino 2009: 205; Boissière 2006: 8; Eder 1987: 52-102 |
| Exportation of goods to other cultures | Present and substantial (At one time or another during the post-contact period, exports were a primary focus of economic activity for over 10% of the population.) | Eder 1987: 71 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Loss of autonomy during postcontact period | High (On at least one occasion during the post-contact period, the culture came under the political dominance of a foreign power, and this event resulted in considerable loss of autonomy.) | Novellino 2009: 205; Eder 1987: 168-169 |
| Nature of loss of autonomy – voluntary vs. forced | Partly voluntary (e.g. Autonomy was ceded voluntarily but under duress; some communities ceded their autonomy voluntarily but others were forced to do so by an foreign power.) | Eder 1987: 60, 168-169 |