Pulotu
Database of Austronesian Religions
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-Austronesian population | Absent: No evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement | Bellwood 1995: 109 |
| Christian influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Christian societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Buck 1971: 20-99 |
| Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.21 |
| (Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787) | Occasional but not often (e.g. once in a generation) | Buck 1971: 20-99 |
| Islamic influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.23 |
| Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km) | 174.5 | Calculator 2014; International 2014 |
| Distance to nearest continent (km) | 5733 | Calculator 2014; Buck 1971: 3-4 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Longitude of culture’s location (°) | -135 | 2014; Buck 1971 |
| Latitude of culture’s location (°) | -23.1 | 2014; Buck 1971: 3 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Number of islands inhabited by culture | Four or more | Buck 1971: 3 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown) | Volcanic high island (an oceanic island of volcanic origin, e.g. Hawaii) | 2018 |
| Maximum elevation (meters) | 441 | Thibauld 1999: 3 |
| Island Size (km²) | 15.4 | Buck 1971: 3; Thibauld 1999: 100 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Estimate of culture population size at relevant time focus | 1500 | Buck 1971: 11 |
| Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2) | High (Patrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, and is more important than any other form of descent.) | Buck 1971: 135-136 |
| Polygamy (SCCS 861) | Limited polygyny (< 20% of married males) | Buck 1971: 133-134 |
| Marital residence (SCCS 69) | Patrilocal or virilocal - with husband's kin | Buck 1971: 135 |
| Estimated population of largest political community | 100-999 | Kirch 2004: 26, 27 |
| Political Authority | Supralocal (encompasses multiple local groups) | Buck 1971: 151-152 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| (No) conflict (social or political) within the local community (SCCS v 767) | Moderate (Conflict occurs frequently but is seldom violent, or is violent but occurs only occasionally.) | |
| (No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773) | Common, at least every five years | Buck 1971: 187 |
| (No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774) | Rare or never | Buck 1971: 20-99, 187-194 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Animal husbandry as a source of food | Absent | Buck 1971: 96-99, 194-195 |
| Land-based hunting performed by individuals | Minor | Buck 1971: 194-198 |
| Land-based gathering | Major | Buck 1971: 204-215 |
| Land-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Minor | Buck 1971: 194-198 |
| Agriculture / Horticulture | Major (one of the most important sources of food) | Buck 1971: 197-199 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Water-based gathering | Major | Buck 1971: 197-198 |
| Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Major | Buck 1971: 197, 289-303 |
| Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals | Major | Buck 1971: 197, 289-303 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Trade / wage labour as a source of food | Major | Buck 1971: 165 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Use of force in conversion | Low (most communities adopted the new religion either voluntarily or due to pressure from other communities of the same culture) | Buck 1971: 98-99 |
| Adoption of a world religion | Present and predominant (At one time or another during the post-contact period, at least 75% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion.) | Buck 1971: 98-99 |
| Resident missionary involvement in conversion process | Present, and from non-Austronesian societies (Resident foreign missionaries, at least one of whom was from a non-Austronesian society, played an important role in the conversion process.) | Buck 1971: 98-99; Henningham 1992: 16, 140 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Foreign education systems | High (At one time or another during the post-contact period over 75% of children received some at least a basic non-indigenous education.) | Foster 2020 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in means of subsistence | Low (Principal and major means of subsistence have not changed from their indigenous states.) | 2018 |
| Exportation of goods to other cultures | Present and substantial (At one time or another during the post-contact period, exports were a primary focus of economic activity for over 10% of the population.) | Foster 2020 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Vehicles and roads | Present but rarely used (At no time during the post-contact period were motor vehicles used by a substantial portion of the population, but at one time or another most members of population had access to roads suitable for motor vehicles.) | |
| Air travel | Absent (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access to an airport or airstrip.) | Dupon 1984: 34; Foster 2020 |
| Sea port | Absent (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access to a sea port.) | Agency 2009: 176; Foster 2020 |