Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Pre-Austronesian population | Present: Clear evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement | Bellwood 1995: 109 |
Christian influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Christian societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Ivens 1930: 71-74 |
Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.21 |
(Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787) | Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. (e.g. yearly or most years) | Ivens 1930: 253, 261-262 |
Islamic influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.23 |
Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km) | 0 | Moore 2017: 47 |
Distance to nearest continent (km) | 1815 | Calculator 2014; Ivens 1930: 48-53, "Sketch Map of Mala" |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Longitude of culture’s location (°) | 160.8 | Ivens 1930: 48-53, "Sketch Map of Mala" |
Latitude of culture’s location (°) | -8.3 | Ivens 1930: 48-53, "Sketch Map of Mala" |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Number of islands inhabited by culture | Two | Ivens 1930: 48-53, "Sketch Map of Mala" |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown) | Volcanic high island (an oceanic island of volcanic origin, e.g. Hawaii) | 2019 |
Maximum elevation (meters) | 1438 | 2019 |
Island Size (km²) | 4200 | Moore 2007: 214 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Estimate of culture population size at relevant time focus | 5500 | Ivens 1930: 50 |
Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2) | Medium (Matrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, but is not the most important form of descent.) | Ivens 1930: 80 |
Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2) | High (Patrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, and is more important than any other form of descent.) | Ivens 1930: 80, 89 |
Polygamy (SCCS 861) | Monogamy preferred, but exceptional cases of polygyny | Ivens 1930: 100 |
Marital residence (SCCS 69) | Patrilocal or virilocal - with husband's kin | |
Estimated population of largest political community | 100-999 | Ivens 1930: 48-50, 75-92 |
Political Authority | Local (encompasses the local community and / or multiple sublocal groups) | Ivens 1930: 48-50, 75-92 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
(No) conflict (social or political) within the local community (SCCS v 767) | Moderate (Conflict occurs frequently but is seldom violent, or is violent but occurs only occasionally.) | Ivens 1930: 75-92, 178-201 |
(No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773) | Occasional, at least every generation | Ivens 1930: 75-92, 178-201 |
(No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774) | Common, at least every five years | Ivens 1930: 54, 90-91, 178-201 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Metalworking | Absent | Ivens 1930: 74 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Animal husbandry as a source of food | Medium | Ivens 1930: 113-117, 243-275 |
Land-based hunting performed by individuals | Absent | Ivens 1930: 113-117, 243-275 |
Land-based gathering | Medium | Ivens 1930: 113-117, 243-275, 250 |
Land-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Absent | Ivens 1930: 113-117, 243-275 |
Agriculture / Horticulture | Major (one of the most important sources of food) | Ivens 1930: 253, 266-273 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Water-based gathering | Major | Ivens 1930: 256-257 |
Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Major | Ivens 1930: 253-261 |
Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals | Major | Ivens 1930: 253-261 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Trade / wage labour as a source of food | Major | Ivens 1930: 253, 261-262 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Was a foreign religion adopted through a top-down (those high in the social hierarchy converted first, followed by the general population) or a bottom-up (the general population converted first, followed by those high in the social hierarchy) process? | Mixed / Neither (e.g. Both high-status individuals and the general population converted at the same time, or the religion was adopted through a mixture of top-down and bottom-up processes.) | Woodhead 1987 |
Use of force in conversion | Low (most communities adopted the new religion either voluntarily or due to pressure from other communities of the same culture) | Woodhead 1987 |
Adoption of a world religion | Present and predominant (At one time or another during the post-contact period, at least 75% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion.) | Woodhead 1987; Keesing 1991: 163 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Foreign government systems | Present, and of high importance (At one time or another during the post-contact period the culture was subject to a foreign government system that controlled most important decisions.) | Ivens 1930: 45 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Changes in means of subsistence | Medium (Principal and major means of subsistence have changed from their indigenous states (e.g. through gain or loss of major and / or principal means of subsistence), but at least one of the major or principal means of subsistance has persisted.) | Molea 2008: 30 |
Exportation of goods to other cultures | Present and substantial (At one time or another during the post-contact period, exports were a primary focus of economic activity for over 10% of the population.) | Ivens 1930: 45-46 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Air travel | Present, local only (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access to international air travel, but at one time or another most members of the culture had access to domestic air travel.) | Government 2001: 18-19 |
Sea port | Absent (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access to a sea port.) | Government 2001: 19 |
Question | Response | Source |
---|---|---|
Loss of autonomy during postcontact period | High (On at least one occasion during the post-contact period, the culture came under the political dominance of a foreign power, and this event resulted in considerable loss of autonomy.) | Ivens 1930: 45 |