Pulotu
Database of Austronesian Religions
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-Austronesian population | Absent: No evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement | Bellwood 1995: 109 |
| Christian influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Christian societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Larcom 1991: 164 |
| Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.21 |
| (Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787) | Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. (e.g. yearly or most years) | Deacon 1934: 5-6 |
| Islamic influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.23 |
| Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km) | 0 | Deacon 1934: 5-6 |
| Distance to nearest continent (km) | 1793 | Calculator 2014; Deacon 1934: 11 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Longitude of culture’s location (°) | 167.4 | 2014; Deacon 1934: 11 |
| Latitude of culture’s location (°) | -16.5 | 2014; Deacon 1934: 11 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Number of islands inhabited by culture | One | Deacon 1934: 11 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown) | Volcanic high island (an oceanic island of volcanic origin, e.g. Hawaii) | 2013 |
| Maximum elevation (meters) | 879 | Clark 2008: 64 |
| Island Size (km²) | 2041 | Clark 2008: 64 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2) | Low (Matrilateral descent plays little or no role in determining social status and / or group membership.) | Deacon 1934: 52 |
| Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2) | High (Patrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, and is more important than any other form of descent.) | Deacon 1934: 52 |
| Polygamy (SCCS 861) | Limited polygyny (< 20% of married males) | Deacon 1934: 233 |
| Marital residence (SCCS 69) | Patrilocal or virilocal - with husband's kin | Deacon 1934: 52 |
| Kinship system (if applicable) | Crow | Larcom 1991: 165 |
| Estimated population of largest political community | 99 or fewer | Deacon 1934: 47-48, 53, 71 |
| Political Authority | Absent, or restricted to a group no larger than the household | Deacon 1934: 47-48 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| (No) conflict (social or political) within the local community (SCCS v 767) | Low (Conflict seldom occurs, and is almost never violent.) | Deacon 1934: 165, 212 |
| (No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773) | Common, at least every five years | Deacon 1934: 212-213 |
| (No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774) | Frequent, occurring at least yearly | Deacon 1934: 212-230 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Metalworking | Absent | Deacon 1934: 172-211 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Animal husbandry as a source of food | Minor | Deacon 1934: 16-17 |
| Land-based hunting performed by individuals | Minor | Deacon 1934: 16, 192 |
| Land-based gathering | Minor | Deacon 1934: 16-17, 172-211 |
| Land-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Minor | Deacon 1934: 16, 192 |
| Agriculture / Horticulture | Principal (more important than any other source of food) | Deacon 1934: 16 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Water-based gathering | Minor | Deacon 1934: 16 |
| Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Minor | Deacon 1934: 16, 189-191 |
| Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals | Medium | Deacon 1934: 16, 189-191 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Trade / wage labour as a source of food | Minor | Deacon 1934: 199-211 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Use of force in conversion | Low (most communities adopted the new religion either voluntarily or due to pressure from other communities of the same culture) | Larcom 1991: 164 |
| Adoption of a world religion | Present and predominant (At one time or another during the post-contact period, at least 75% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion.) | Larcom 1991: 164, 166 |
| Resident missionary involvement in conversion process | Present, and from non-Austronesian societies (Resident foreign missionaries, at least one of whom was from a non-Austronesian society, played an important role in the conversion process.) | Larcom 1991: 164 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Replacement-level immigration | Absent (Replacement-level immigration did not occur – an immigrant culture was never present in the area, or was present but had a population size less than 10% of that of the indigenous culture.) | |
| Language shift | Medium (The indigenous language remained an important means of communication for the duration of the post-contact period, but at one time or another the indigenous population used a non-indigenous language to roughly the same extent.) | |
| Foreign education systems | High (At one time or another during the post-contact period over 75% of children received some at least a basic non-indigenous education.) | Adams 2021; Larcom 1991: 165 |
| Foreign government systems | Present, and of high importance (At one time or another during the post-contact period the culture was subject to a foreign government system that controlled most important decisions.) | Larcom 1991: 166 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Loss of autonomy during postcontact period | Medium (The culture maintained some political autonomy throughout the post-contact period, but on at least one occasion during the post-contact period the culture entered into a political relationship with a foreign power that involved some loss of autonomy.) | Larcom 1991: 164, 166 |
| Nature of loss of autonomy – voluntary vs. forced | Largely voluntary (Autonomy was ceded either voluntarily or as a result of pressure from other members of the same culture, without the threat of external force being necessary.) | Larcom 1991: 164 |