Kaoka

• Traditional Culture (1911)
  • Isolation
    Isolation

    Question	Response	Source
    Pre-Austronesian population	Present: Clear evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement	Bellwood 1995: 109
    Christian influence on supernatural belief	No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief, but culture is known to have had (or is likely to have had) contact with Christian societies at or prior to the time focus in question.)	Gratton 1991: 89
    Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief	No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to to the time focus in question.)	Cribb 2000: Map 2.21
    (Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787)	Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. (e.g. yearly or most years)	Hogbin 1964: 47-50
    Islamic influence on supernatural belief	No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.)	Cribb 2000: Map 2.23
    Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km)	0	Tryon and Hackman 1983: 24
    Distance to nearest continent (km)	1724	Calculator 2014; Tryon and Hackman 1983: 24

  • Physical Environment
    Location

    Question	Response	Source
    Longitude of culture’s location (°)	160.7	2014; Hogbin 1964: Map (Guadalcanal and the surrounding Solomon Islands)
    Latitude of culture’s location (°)	-9.7	2014; Hogbin 1964: Map (Guadalcanal and the surrounding Solomon Islands)

    Geographical Range of Culture

    Question	Response	Source
    Number of islands inhabited by culture	One	Hogbin 1964: 1-2

    Features of Island with Largest Culture Population

    Question	Response	Source
    Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown)	Volcanic high island (an oceanic island of volcanic origin, e.g. Hawaii)	2011
    Maximum elevation (meters)	2330	2011
    Island Size (km²)	5302	2011

  • Social Environment
    Social Environment

    Question	Response	Source
    Estimate of culture population size at relevant time focus	1000	Hogbin 1964: 2, 5
    Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2)	High (Matrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, and is more important than any other form of descent.)	Hogbin 1964: 4-18, 4
    Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2)	Low (Patrilateral descent plays little or no role in determining social status and / or group membership.)	Hogbin 1964: 4-18, 4
    Polygamy (SCCS 861)	Limited polygyny (< 20% of married males)	Gratton 1991: 90
    Marital residence (SCCS 69)	Patrilocal or virilocal - with husband's kin	Gratton 1991: 90
    Estimated population of largest political community	100-999	Hogbin 1964: 2, 5, 6

    Conflict

    Question	Response	Source
    (No) conflict (social or political) within the local community (SCCS v 767)	Low (Conflict seldom occurs, and is almost never violent.)	Hogbin 1964: 51
    (No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773)	Common, at least every five years	Hogbin 1964: 51-61
    (No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774)	Common, at least every five years	Hogbin 1964: 59, 61

  • Subsistence and Economy
    Subsistence and Economy

    Question	Response	Source
    Metalworking	Absent	Bellwood et al. 1975

    Land-based means of subsistence

    Question	Response	Source
    Animal husbandry as a source of food	Minor	Hogbin 1964: 3
    Land-based hunting performed by individuals	Minor	Hogbin 1964: 3
    Land-based gathering	Absent	Hogbin 1964: 3, 41-50
    Land-based hunting performed by one or more groups	Minor	Hogbin 1964: 3
    Agriculture / Horticulture	Principal (more important than any other source of food)	Hogbin 1964: 3

    Water-based means of subsistence

    Question	Response	Source
    Water-based gathering	Major	Hogbin 1964: 3
    Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups	Major	Hogbin 1964: 43
    Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals	Major	Hogbin 1964: 3

    Commercial Activity

    Question	Response	Source
    Trade / wage labour as a source of food	Absent	Hogbin 1964: 47-50

• Post Contact History (1911-2014)
  • Religious History
    Conversion

    Question	Response	Source
    Use of force in conversion	Low (most communities adopted the new religion either voluntarily or due to pressure from other communities of the same culture)	Gratton 1991: 91
    Resident missionary involvement in conversion process	Present, and from non-Austronesian societies (Resident foreign missionaries, at least one of whom was from a non-Austronesian society, played an important role in the conversion process.)	Gratton 1991: 91

  • Secular History
    Demographic and Social Changes

    Question	Response	Source
    Foreign government systems	Present, and of high importance (At one time or another during the post-contact period the culture was subject to a foreign government system that controlled most important decisions.)	Hogbin 1964: 95

    Economic Changes

    Question	Response	Source
    Exportation of goods to other cultures	Present and substantial (At one time or another during the post-contact period, exports were a primary focus of economic activity for over 10% of the population.)	Hogbin 1964: 3

    Loss of Autonomy

    Question	Response	Source
    Loss of autonomy during postcontact period	High (On at least one occasion during the post-contact period, the culture came under the political dominance of a foreign power, and this event resulted in considerable loss of autonomy.)	Hogbin 1964: 95