Pulotu
Database of Austronesian Religions
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-Austronesian population | Present: Clear evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement | Bellwood 1995: 109 |
| Christian influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief, but culture is known to have had (or is likely to have had) contact with Christian societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Jackson 1975: 65, 59 |
| Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.21 |
| (Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787) | Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. (e.g. yearly or most years) | Jackson 1975: 65 |
| Islamic influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.23 |
| Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km) | 0 | Bogesi 1948 |
| Distance to nearest continent (km) | 1709 | Calculator 2014; Tryon and Hackman 1983: 23 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Longitude of culture’s location (°) | 159.8 | 2014; Tryon and Hackman 1983: 23 |
| Latitude of culture’s location (°) | -8.5 | 2014; Tryon and Hackman 1983: 23 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Number of islands inhabited by culture | Two | Tryon and Hackman 1983: 23 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown) | Volcanic high island (an oceanic island of volcanic origin, e.g. Hawaii) | Laracy 2020 |
| Maximum elevation (meters) | 1219 | Clark 2008: 64 |
| Island Size (km²) | 4660 | Clark 2008: 64 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Estimate of culture population size at relevant time focus | 4000 | Jackson 1975 |
| Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2) | High (Matrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, and is more important than any other form of descent.) | Bogesi 1948: 217 |
| Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2) | Low (Patrilateral descent plays little or no role in determining social status and / or group membership.) | Bogesi 1948: 217 |
| Political Authority | Absent, or restricted to a group no larger than the household | Jackson 1975 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| (No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773) | Occasional, at least every generation | Jackson 1975 |
| (No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774) | Frequent, occurring at least yearly | Jackson 1975 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Metalworking | Absent | Bellwood et al. 1975 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Animal husbandry as a source of food | Medium | Bogesi 1948: 223-224 |
| Land-based gathering | Major | Bogesi 1948: 223 |
| Agriculture / Horticulture | Major (one of the most important sources of food) | Bogesi 1948: 221, 223 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Medium | Bogesi 1948: 225-226 |
| Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals | Minor | Bogesi 1948: 223, 225-226 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Was a foreign religion adopted through a top-down (those high in the social hierarchy converted first, followed by the general population) or a bottom-up (the general population converted first, followed by those high in the social hierarchy) process? | Primarily a top-down process. | Jackson 1975 |
| Use of force in conversion | Low (most communities adopted the new religion either voluntarily or due to pressure from other communities of the same culture) | Jackson 1975 |
| Adoption of a world religion | Present and predominant (At one time or another during the post-contact period, at least 75% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion.) | Jackson 1975 |
| Resident missionary involvement in conversion process | Present, and from non-Austronesian societies (Resident foreign missionaries, at least one of whom was from a non-Austronesian society, played an important role in the conversion process.) | Jackson 1975 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Syncretic religious movements | Absent | Jackson 1975; Bogesi 1948; Bogesi 1948 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Replacement-level immigration | Low (Replacement-level immigration occurred. The immigrant culture had a population size more than 10% of that of the indigenous culture at one time or another, but this figure never exceeded 50%.) | Government 2009: 25 |
| Language shift | Medium (The indigenous language remained an important means of communication for the duration of the post-contact period, but at one time or another the indigenous population used a non-indigenous language to roughly the same extent.) | Government 2009: 32 |
| Foreign education systems | High (At one time or another during the post-contact period over 75% of children received some at least a basic non-indigenous education.) | Government 2009: 28 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Exportation of goods to other cultures | Present and substantial (At one time or another during the post-contact period, exports were a primary focus of economic activity for over 10% of the population.) | 2016 |