Pulotu
Database of Austronesian Religions
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-Austronesian population | Present: Clear evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement | Bellwood 1995: 109 |
| Christian influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief, but culture is known to have had (or is likely to have had) contact with Christian societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Timmer 2012: 202-203 |
| Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.21 |
| (Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787) | Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. (e.g. yearly or most years) | Hogbin 1939: 17, 18-19 |
| Islamic influence on supernatural belief | No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.) | Cribb 2000: Map 2.23 |
| Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km) | 0 | Hogbin 1939: 17 |
| Distance to nearest continent (km) | 1810 | Calculator 2014; Moore 2017: 47 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Longitude of culture’s location (°) | 160.6 | 2014; Moore 2017: 47 |
| Latitude of culture’s location (°) | -8.4 | 2014; Moore 2017: 47 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Number of islands inhabited by culture | One | Hogbin 1939: 17 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown) | Volcanic high island (an oceanic island of volcanic origin, e.g. Hawaii) | 2019 |
| Maximum elevation (meters) | 1438 | 2019 |
| Island Size (km²) | 4200 | Moore 2007: 214 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Estimate of culture population size at relevant time focus | 2000 | Hogbin 1939 |
| Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2) | Medium (Matrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, but is not the most important form of descent.) | Hogbin 1939: 25; Keesing 1991: 161 |
| Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2) | Medium (Patrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, but is not the most important form of descent.) | Hogbin 1939: 25; Keesing 1991: 161 |
| Estimated population of largest political community | 100-999 | Hogbin 1939: 25, 82 |
| Political Authority | Absent, or restricted to a group no larger than the household | Hogbin 1939: 25 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| (No) conflict (social or political) within the local community (SCCS v 767) | Low (Conflict seldom occurs, and is almost never violent.) | Hogbin 1939: 76-77 |
| (No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773) | Common, at least every five years | Hogbin 1939: 82-101, 88-91 |
| (No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774) | Occasional, at least every generation | Hogbin 1939: 82-101; Ivens 1930: 188-189 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Animal husbandry as a source of food | Medium | Hogbin 1939: 18-19, 61 |
| Land-based hunting performed by individuals | Minor | Hogbin 1939: 18-19 |
| Land-based gathering | Absent | Hogbin 1939: 18-19 |
| Land-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Minor | Hogbin 1939: 18-19 |
| Agriculture / Horticulture | Principal (more important than any other source of food) | Hogbin 1939: 18-19 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Water-based gathering | Absent | Hogbin 1939: 18-19 |
| Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups | Absent | Hogbin 1939: 18-19 |
| Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals | Absent | Hogbin 1939: 18-19 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Trade / wage labour as a source of food | Major | Hogbin 1939: 18-19 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Was a foreign religion adopted through a top-down (those high in the social hierarchy converted first, followed by the general population) or a bottom-up (the general population converted first, followed by those high in the social hierarchy) process? | Mixed / Neither (e.g. Both high-status individuals and the general population converted at the same time, or the religion was adopted through a mixture of top-down and bottom-up processes.) | Hogbin 1939: 179-184 |
| Use of force in conversion | Low (most communities adopted the new religion either voluntarily or due to pressure from other communities of the same culture) | Hogbin 1939: 174-184 |
| Adoption of a world religion | Present and predominant (At one time or another during the post-contact period, at least 75% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion.) | Keesing 1991: 163 |
| Resident missionary involvement in conversion process | Present, and from non-Austronesian societies (Resident foreign missionaries, at least one of whom was from a non-Austronesian society, played an important role in the conversion process.) | Hogbin 1939: 174-175 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Foreign government systems | Present, and of high importance (At one time or another during the post-contact period the culture was subject to a foreign government system that controlled most important decisions.) | Hogbin 1939: 141-143 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Exportation of goods to other cultures | Present and substantial (At one time or another during the post-contact period, exports were a primary focus of economic activity for over 10% of the population.) | Hogbin 1939: 160-172 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Air travel | Present, local only (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access to international air travel, but at one time or another most members of the culture had access to domestic air travel.) | Government 2001: 18-19 |
| Sea port | Absent (At no time during the post-contact period did most members of the culture have access to a sea port.) | Government 2001: 19 |
| Question | Response | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Loss of autonomy during postcontact period | High (On at least one occasion during the post-contact period, the culture came under the political dominance of a foreign power, and this event resulted in considerable loss of autonomy.) | Hogbin 1939: 153 |