Anuta

• Traditional Culture (1915)
  • Isolation
    Isolation

    Question	Response	Source
    Pre-Austronesian population	Absent: No evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement	Bellwood 1995: 109
    Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief	No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to to the time focus in question.)	Cribb 2000: Map 2.21
    (Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787)	Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. (e.g. yearly or most years)	Feinberg 1991: 13
    Islamic influence on supernatural belief	No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.)	Cribb 2000: Map 2.23
    Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km)	133.5	Calculator 2014; Feinberg 1991: 13
    Distance to nearest continent (km)	2341	Calculator 2014

  • Physical Environment
    Location

    Question	Response	Source
    Longitude of culture’s location (°)	169.8	2014; Feinberg 1991: 13
    Latitude of culture’s location (°)	-11.6	2014; Feinberg 1991: 13

    Geographical Range of Culture

    Question	Response	Source
    Number of islands inhabited by culture	One	Feinberg 1991: 13

    Features of Island with Largest Culture Population

    Question	Response	Source
    Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown)	Volcanic high island (an oceanic island of volcanic origin, e.g. Hawaii)	Feinberg 1991: 13
    Maximum elevation (meters)	78	Feinberg 1991: 13
    Island Size (km²)	0.4	Kirch 2002: 72

  • Social Environment
    Social Environment

    Question	Response	Source
    Estimate of culture population size at relevant time focus	62	Yen et al. 1973: 4
    Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2)	Low (Matrilateral descent plays little or no role in determining social status and / or group membership.)	Feinberg 1991: 14
    Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2)	High (Patrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, and is more important than any other form of descent.)	Feinberg 1991: 14
    Polygamy (SCCS 861)	Monogamy preferred, but exceptional cases of polygyny	Feinberg 1991: 14
    Marital residence (SCCS 69)	Patrilocal or virilocal - with husband's kin	Feinberg 1991: 14
    Kinship system (if applicable)	Iroquois	Feinberg 1991: 14
    Estimated population of largest political community	99 or fewer	Feinberg 1991: 15
    Political Authority	Local (encompasses the local community and / or multiple sublocal groups)	Feinberg 1991: 13-15

    Conflict

    Question	Response	Source
    (No) conflict (social or political) within the local community (SCCS v 767)	Low (Conflict seldom occurs, and is almost never violent.)	Feinberg 1998: 34
    (No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773)	Rare or never	Feinberg 2011: 28-34
    (No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774)	Rare or never	Feinberg 2011: 34-38

  • Subsistence and Economy
    Subsistence and Economy

    Question	Response	Source
    Metalworking	Absent	Bellwood et al. 1975

    Land-based means of subsistence

    Question	Response	Source
    Animal husbandry as a source of food	Absent	Kirch 2002: 76
    Land-based hunting performed by individuals	Minor	Kirch 2002: 76
    Land-based gathering	Minor	Kirch 2002: 74, 76
    Land-based hunting performed by one or more groups	Absent	Kirch 2002: 76
    Agriculture / Horticulture	Principal (more important than any other source of food)	Kirch 2002: 74

    Water-based means of subsistence

    Question	Response	Source
    Water-based gathering	Major	Kirch 2002: 76
    Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups	Major	Kirch 2002: 76
    Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals	Major	Kirch 2002: 76

    Commercial Activity

    Question	Response	Source
    Trade / wage labour as a source of food	Absent	Kirch 2002

• Post Contact History (1915-2014)
  • Religious History
    Conversion

    Question	Response	Source
    Use of force in conversion	Low (most communities adopted the new religion either voluntarily or due to pressure from other communities of the same culture)	Feinberg 2011: 31
    Adoption of a world religion	Present and predominant (At one time or another during the post-contact period, at least 75% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion.)	Feinberg 2011: 31
    Resident missionary involvement in conversion process	Present, and from Austronesian societies only (Resident foreign missionaries played an important role in the conversion process, but these missionaries were from other Austronesian societies only.)	Feinberg 2011: 31

    Syncretic Movements

    Question	Response	Source
    Syncretic religious movements	Absent	Feinberg 1995

  • Secular History
    Demographic and Social Changes

    Question	Response	Source
    Foreign government systems	Present, but of low importance (At one time or another during the post-contact period, the culture was subject to a foreign government system, but this government system never controlled most important decisions.)	Feinberg 1991: 15

    Loss of Autonomy

    Question	Response	Source
    Loss of autonomy during postcontact period	Low (The cultural remained politically autonomous throughout the post-contact period.) (Skip to Q.71)	Feinberg 1991: 15