Goodenough Island

• Traditional Culture (1911)
  • Isolation
    Isolation

    Question	Response	Source
    Pre-Austronesian population	Present: Clear evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement	Bellwood 1995: 109
    Christian influence on supernatural belief	No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief, but culture is known to have had (or is likely to have had) contact with Christian societies at or prior to the time focus in question.)	Young 1991: 85
    Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief	No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to to the time focus in question.)	Cribb 2000: Map 2.21
    (Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787)	Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. (e.g. yearly or most years)	Young 1991: 85, 86
    Islamic influence on supernatural belief	No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.)	Cribb 2000: Map 2.23
    Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km)	4.8	Calculator 2014; Young 1991: 85
    Distance to nearest continent (km)	810	Calculator 2014; Young 1991: 85

  • Physical Environment
    Location

    Question	Response	Source
    Longitude of culture’s location (°)	150.2	2014; Young 1991: 85
    Latitude of culture’s location (°)	-9.3	2014; Young 1991: 85

    Geographical Range of Culture

    Question	Response	Source
    Number of islands inhabited by culture	One	Young 1991: 85

    Features of Island with Largest Culture Population

    Question	Response	Source
    Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown)	Volcanic high island (an oceanic island of volcanic origin, e.g. Hawaii)	2014
    Maximum elevation (meters)	2440	Young 1991: 85
    Island Size (km²)	777	Young 1991: 85

  • Social Environment
    Social Environment

    Question	Response	Source
    Estimate of culture population size at relevant time focus	10000	Young 1983
    Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2)	Low (Matrilateral descent plays little or no role in determining social status and / or group membership.)	Young 1991: 86
    Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2)	High (Patrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, and is more important than any other form of descent.)	Young 1991: 86
    Polygamy (SCCS 861)	Monogamy preferred, but exceptional cases of polygyny	Jenness 1920: 48
    Marital residence (SCCS 69)	Patrilocal or virilocal - with husband's kin	Young 1991: 86
    Kinship system (if applicable)	Hawaiian	Young 1991: 86
    Political Authority	Absent, or restricted to a group no larger than the household	Jenness 1920: 63-75, 131-132

    Conflict

    Question	Response	Source
    (No) conflict (social or political) within the local community (SCCS v 767)	Low (Conflict seldom occurs, and is almost never violent.)	Jenness 1920: 82
    (No) internal warfare (between communities of the same society) (SCCS v 773)	Common, at least every five years	Jenness 1920: 82-83; Young 1991: 82
    (No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774)	Common, at least every five years	Jenness 1920: 76-89

  • Subsistence and Economy
    Subsistence and Economy

    Question	Response	Source
    Metalworking	Absent	Jenness 1920: 182-201

    Land-based means of subsistence

    Question	Response	Source
    Animal husbandry as a source of food	Minor	Jenness 1920: 28-36
    Land-based hunting performed by individuals	Minor	Jenness 1920: 20-21, 31
    Land-based gathering	Medium	Jenness 1920: 28-36
    Land-based hunting performed by one or more groups	Minor	Jenness 1920: 20-21, 31
    Agriculture / Horticulture	Principal (more important than any other source of food)	Jenness 1920: 28; Young 1991: 86

    Water-based means of subsistence

    Question	Response	Source
    Water-based gathering	Medium	Jenness 1920: 28-36
    Fishing and water-based hunting performed by one or more groups	Medium	Jenness 1920: 28-36
    Fishing and water-based hunting performed by individuals	Medium	Jenness 1920: 28-36

    Commercial Activity

    Question	Response	Source
    Trade / wage labour as a source of food	Medium	Jenness 1920: 28-36

• Post Contact History (1911-2014)
  • Religious History
    Conversion

    Question	Response	Source
    Adoption of a world religion	Present and predominant (At one time or another during the post-contact period, at least 75% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion.)	Goodenough 1991: 88
    Resident missionary involvement in conversion process	Present, and from non-Austronesian societies (Resident foreign missionaries, at least one of whom was from a non-Austronesian society, played an important role in the conversion process.)	Young 1991: 85, 88

  • Secular History
    Modern Infrastructure

    Question	Response	Source
    Air travel	Present and long-distance (At one time or another, most members of the culture had access to international air travel.)	2014

    Loss of Autonomy

    Question	Response	Source
    Loss of autonomy during postcontact period	Medium (The culture maintained some political autonomy throughout the post-contact period, but on at least one occasion during the post-contact period the culture entered into a political relationship with a foreign power that involved some loss of autonomy.)	2014