Nggela

• Traditional Culture (1863)
  • Isolation
    Isolation

    Question	Response	Source
    Pre-Austronesian population	Present: Clear evidence of human occupation prior to Austronesian settlement	Bellwood 1995: 109
    Christian influence on supernatural belief	No evidence of influence but in a region where contact is likely (No evidence of Christian influence on supernatural belief, but culture is known to have had (or is likely to have had) contact with Christian societies at or prior to the time focus in question.)	Moore 2017: 28
    Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief	No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Hindu / Buddhist influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Hindu or Buddhist societies at or prior to to the time focus in question.)	Cribb 2000: Map 2.21
    (Low) contact with other societies (SCCS v 787)	Frequent, through trade, warfare, travel, etc. (e.g. yearly or most years)	Moore 2017: 32
    Islamic influence on supernatural belief	No evidence of influence and not in region of known contact (No evidence of Islamic influence on supernatural belief, and culture is unlikely to have had contact with Islamic societies at or prior to the time focus in question.)	Cribb 2000: Map 2.23
    Distance to closest landmass inhabited by a different culture (km)	25	Moore 2019: 32
    Distance to nearest continent (km)	1729	Moore 2017: 32

  • Physical Environment
    Location

    Question	Response	Source
    Longitude of culture’s location (°)	160.2	2014; Codrington 1891: 16
    Latitude of culture’s location (°)	-9.1	2014; Codrington 1891: 16

    Geographical Range of Culture

    Question	Response	Source
    Number of islands inhabited by culture	Three	Codrington 1891: 16

    Features of Island with Largest Culture Population

    Question	Response	Source
    Island type (island with largest culture population or largest island if unknown)	Volcanic high island (an oceanic island of volcanic origin, e.g. Hawaii)	Codrington 1891: 13
    Maximum elevation (meters)	400	Diamond 1976
    Island Size (km²)	218	2014

  • Social Environment
    Social Environment

    Question	Response	Source
    Estimate of culture population size at relevant time focus	5000	Moore 2019: 43
    Importance of Matrilateral descent (V.2)	High (Matrilateral descent plays an important role in determining social status and / or group membership, and is more important than any other form of descent.)	Codrington 1891: 20-45
    Importance of Patrilateral descent (V.2)	Low (Patrilateral descent plays little or no role in determining social status and / or group membership.)	Codrington 1891: 20-45
    Polygamy (SCCS 861)	Full polygyny (20% or more of married males)	Codrington 1891: 245
    Political Authority	Local (encompasses the local community and / or multiple sublocal groups)	Codrington 1891: 20-58

    Conflict

    Question	Response	Source
    (No) external warfare (with other societies) (SCCS v 774)	Common, at least every five years	Moore 2019: 32

  • Subsistence and Economy
    Subsistence and Economy

    Question	Response	Source
    Metalworking	Absent	Codrington 1891: 313-316

• Post Contact History (1863-2014)
  • Religious History
    Conversion

    Question	Response	Source
    Was a foreign religion adopted through a top-down (those high in the social hierarchy converted first, followed by the general population) or a bottom-up (the general population converted first, followed by those high in the social hierarchy) process?	Primarily a top-down process, although inroads had already been made with the general population.	Moore 2019: 34-36
    Use of force in conversion	Low (most communities adopted the new religion either voluntarily or due to pressure from other communities of the same culture)	Moore 2019: 34-36
    Adoption of a world religion	Present and predominant (At one time or another during the post-contact period, at least 75% of the indigenous population practiced a world religion.)	Moore 2019: 34-36
    Resident missionary involvement in conversion process	Present, and from non-Austronesian societies (Resident foreign missionaries, at least one of whom was from a non-Austronesian society, played an important role in the conversion process.)	Moore 2019: 34-36

    Syncretic Movements

    Question	Response	Source
    Syncretic religious movements	Absent	Moore 2019: 27-69

  • Secular History
    Demographic and Social Changes

    Question	Response	Source
    Foreign government systems	Present, and of high importance (At one time or another during the post-contact period the culture was subject to a foreign government system that controlled most important decisions.)	Moore 2019: 36-37

    Economic Changes

    Question	Response	Source
    Exportation of goods to other cultures	Present and substantial (At one time or another during the post-contact period, exports were a primary focus of economic activity for over 10% of the population.)	Moore 2019: 41-42

    Modern Infrastructure

    Question	Response	Source
    Sea port	Present (At one time or another during the post-contact period most members of the culture had access to a sea port.)	Moore 2019: 31-32

    Loss of Autonomy

    Question	Response	Source
    Loss of autonomy during postcontact period	High (On at least one occasion during the post-contact period, the culture came under the political dominance of a foreign power, and this event resulted in considerable loss of autonomy.)	Moore 2017: 27-69
    Nature of loss of autonomy – voluntary vs. forced	Partly voluntary (e.g. Autonomy was ceded voluntarily but under duress; some communities ceded their autonomy voluntarily but others were forced to do so by an foreign power.)	Moore 2019: 27-69